The rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) is the smallest cat species in the world, with a body size similar to that of a domestic cat. Rusty-spotted cats typically measure between 35 to 48 centimeters (14 to 19 inches) in length, with a tail length of 15 to 30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches). They typically weigh between 0.9 to 1.6 kilograms (2 to 3.5 pounds).

The rusty-spotted cat’s small size is an adaptation to its habitat. It lives in dense forests and grasslands, where it hunts small rodents and birds. Its small size allows it to move quickly and easily through the undergrowth, and to hunt in tight spaces.